Diphtheria

Diphtheria develops when the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae infects the body. It spreads easily through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes, and also through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated items such as bedding or clothing. Prolonged or close contact with someone who has the illness, or who carries the bacteria, greatly increases the risk of transmission, especially in shared households.

Diphtheria remains rare in England because widespread vaccination protects the population. However, the infection continues to circulate in regions with lower vaccination coverage, including parts of Africa, South Asia, and the former Soviet Union. Travellers heading to these areas should take extra precautions, as their risk of exposure increases significantly.

diphtheria vaccine nurse patient

Symptoms

Diphtheria symptoms can be mild or severe, and they usually appear within 2–5 days of exposure. Common signs include:

  • A thick grey-white coating at the back of the throat
  • A high temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) or above
  • A sore throat
  • Breathing difficulties

Severe cases can cause life-threatening complications, such as heart inflammation, nerve damage, or serious breathing problems. Between 5% and 10% of people with diphtheria die from these complications.

Older adults and people with weakened immune systems face a higher risk of severe illness. Vaccination is especially important for these groups.

diphtheria symptoms sore throat

Vaccination

The diphtheria vaccine forms part of a combination vaccine that also protects against tetanus and polio (DTP or Td/IPV). It is safe, well tolerated, and highly effective at boosting immunity.

Vaccination remains the best way to prevent diphtheria. In the UK, all children receive the vaccine as part of the routine childhood programme. This offers strong protection throughout childhood and into adulthood.

Immunity can decrease over time. Adults, especially those travelling to areas where diphtheria is common, should get a booster to maintain protection. Travellers should check their vaccination status before their trip to reduce avoidable risks.

When you visit North Manchester Travel Clinic, our healthcare team will review your vaccination history and travel plans. We will advise you if you need a booster. The appointment is quick, and we ensure you feel informed and comfortable throughout.

Book Your Diphtheria Vaccine

Booking your diphtheria vaccine at North Manchester Travel Clinic is simple and convenient. Our travel health team can check the vaccine requirements for your destination and advise you on whether a booster is recommended.

During your appointment, we’ll review your vaccination history, discuss your trip plans, and provide personalised guidance to ensure you’re fully protected. The vaccine is quick to administer, and our clinicians will talk you through every step.

Protect yourself before you travel. Book your diphtheria vaccine today.